What two classes of immunoglobulins are primarily involved in antiphospholipid syndrome?

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is characterized by the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies that lead to increased coagulation and thrombosis. The two primary classes of immunoglobulins involved in this condition are IgG and IgM, with IgG being particularly prominent in the diagnosis and management of APS.

In APS, the presence of anticardiolipin antibodies and anti-beta2-glycoprotein I antibodies, which are often of the IgG and IgM classes, is crucial for diagnosing the syndrome. High levels of IgG subclass antibodies, particularly IgG2 and IgG4, are also noted in various autoimmune conditions, but it is the specific role of IgG1 and IgM in antiphospholipid syndrome that truly stands out.

While IgA plays a role in mucosal immunity, it is not primarily associated with the pathophysiology of APS. Therefore, IgG1, in conjunction with IgM, provides a more complete picture concerning the immunological response in APS, emphasizing the correct connection between these immunoglobulin classes and the syndrome's characteristic antibodies.