What type of antibodies are typically involved in autoimmune disorders?

In autoimmune disorders, IgG antibodies are typically involved. Autoimmunity occurs when the immune system mistakenly targets and attacks the body’s own tissues. IgG antibodies play a crucial role in this process, as they are the most abundant type of antibody in the bloodstream and can readily cross cell membranes. They target specific antigens associated with self-tissues and can form immune complexes. This can lead to inflammation and tissue damage, contributing to the pathogenesis of various autoimmune conditions.

While other immunoglobulin classes, such as IgA, IgM, and IgE, have important roles in immune responses, they are not primarily associated with the antibody-mediated mechanisms of autoimmune disorders. IgM is the first antibody produced during an immune response, but it is generally associated with primary responses to infections rather than autoimmunity. IgA is primarily involved in mucosal immunity, providing protection in mucosal surfaces, and IgE is predominantly linked to allergic reactions and responses to parasitic infections. Therefore, IgG's role in recognizing and binding to self-antigens distinguishes it as the major antibody type involved in autoimmune disorders.