Which marker indicates recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection?

The marker that indicates recovery and immunity from hepatitis B virus infection is Anti-HBs. This antibody is produced in response to the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and signifies that the individual has either cleared the virus following an acute infection or has been successfully vaccinated against hepatitis B. The presence of Anti-HBs in the blood indicates that the immune system has developed a defensive response against the virus, thereby conferring immunity.

During the course of a hepatitis B infection, HBsAg is the first marker to appear, indicating an active infection. IgM anti-HBc reflects recent infection and is usually detected shortly after the onset of symptoms but does not indicate recovery. HBeAg is another marker associated with viral replication and infectivity; it is usually present during chronic active hepatitis and does not signify immune recovery.

In summary, the presence of Anti-HBs is the most reliable indicator that an individual has recovered from hepatitis B virus infection and has developed immunity, either through natural infection or vaccination.