Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by antibody-mediated cell damage?

The type of hypersensitivity characterized by antibody-mediated cell damage is Type II hypersensitivity. This type occurs when the immune system produces antibodies against specific antigens present on the surface of cells. These antibodies can lead to cell destruction through various mechanisms, such as activating the complement cascade or facilitating phagocytosis by immune cells.

An example of Type II hypersensitivity is hemolytic anemia, where antibodies target red blood cells, leading to their destruction and resulting in anemia. This process is distinct from other types of hypersensitivity.

Type I hypersensitivity, also known as immediate hypersensitivity, involves IgE antibodies and is associated with allergic reactions such as hay fever or anaphylaxis. Type III hypersensitivity involves immune complex formation, where antigen-antibody complexes deposit in tissues, leading to inflammation and damage. Type IV hypersensitivity is delayed-type and primarily driven by T cells rather than antibodies, as seen in conditions like contact dermatitis or graft-versus-host disease.